Summary
Nontechnical Description Modern society depends on efficient energy conversion across technologies that range from small motors to hyperscale data centers. These data centers can draw as much as 10 megawatts each. Thus, even small gains in power-converter efficiency translate into massive energy savings on the scale of terawatt-hours. A core challenge limiting progress in these systems is the inability to precisely control how and where dopants—impurities that determine electrical behavior—are introduced into semiconductors. Wide-bandgap semiconductors like gallium nitride and aluminum nitr
