Summary
Ribosomes are molecular machines that manufacture the proteins needed for cellular life. Ribosomes promote peptide bond formation between amino acids, building polymers which then fold to produce functional proteins. Numerous factors have been discovered that interact with the ribosome and aid protein synthesis. These translation factors can help the ribosome produce amino acid sequences that do not even exist in nature. Therefore, an understanding of how ribosomes produce proteins has important implications for biotechnology, synthetic biology, and advanced materials manufacturing. This proje
