Summary
Incurable brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are caused by an unhealthy buildup of normal brain waste proteins. Recent research has shown that the brain uses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain, to flush out these wastes. Waste proteins often build up around arteries, where the fluid pulses with each heartbeat, but not around veins, where the flow is steady. This pattern is puzzling, because "clean" fluid enters near arteries while “dirty” waste-laden fluid empties near veins. This Engineering
