Summary
On 23 November 2025, Hayli Gubbi volcano in northern Ethiopia explosively erupted. The eruption sent ash and volcanic gases nearly 15 kilometers into the atmosphere and disrupting air traffic across large parts of the globe. Eruptions in this region are usually gentle and lava-producing. The explosive nature of this event was very unusual and poorly understood. Volcanic ash fell on nearby communities and contaminated water and grazing lands. Because ash, gases, and surface features degrade rapidly due to erosion and continued gas release, there is an urgent need for rapid scientific study. Thi
