Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating demand for faster computing and data communication, but meeting this demand with electronics alone is becoming increasingly expensive and power-hungry. As AI workloads grow, achieving higher performance often requires disproportionately more energy and hardware cost. Integrated photonics uses light on a chip to move and process information at light speed and low energy, creating a promising path to more efficient hybrid electronic-photonic systems. However, designing and manufacturing photonic chips remains slow and costly, in part because the suppo
