Summary
Organ failure affects millions of Americans, leading to immense suffering and placing a heavy burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. While organ transplantation can be lifesaving, there are far too few donor organs to meet the need. The ability to grow functional tissues in the laboratory could offer a more effective and more widely available treatment option. It could also enable personalized therapies and accelerate drug screening and discovery. However, despite exciting advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering, it remains challenging to grow robust and functiona