Summary
Billions of people use encrypted messaging apps every day. These apps generally do not interoperate - users must all have accounts on the same app to communicate. Users view this as a major pain point; increasingly, policymakers and industry groups do as well. In Europe, the Digital Markets Act (DMA) will require interoperability; in the US, similar legislation has been considered and Apple and Google are jointly designing a protocol that will allow encrypted text messaging between iPhone and Android devices. However, making encrypted messaging interoperable is challenging - existing apps were
