Summary
Improving the performance of condensation heat transfer reduces size, weight, and cost in refrigeration, air conditioning, heat exchangers, and thermal management systems. To achieve a large heat transfer coefficient, condensates on a surface must be rapidly removed to provide liquid-free areas for vapor-liquid phase change to occur. The ideal surface is one that provides a large heat transfer area and rapidly removes condensates for sustainable condensation. Present challenges include the removal of ultralow surface tension refrigerants and the lack of long-term durability of engineered surf
