Summary
Narcotic use in chronic pain treatment has played a major role in the ongoing opioid crisis. Convergent evidence indicates that the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical in the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Local therapies directed to the ACC yield benefit for chronic pain clinically and preclinical data suggest that locally applying the drug ketamine to the ACC should yield acute-onset and long-acting remission of the pain phenotype through a non-opioid mechanism. In this manner, local ketamine infusion into this critical brain target is a promising non-opioid pain tr
